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An atmosphere (atm) is a unit of measurement equal to the average air pressure at sea level at a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). One atmosphere is 1,013 millibars, or 760 millimeters (29.92 inches) of mercury.
Atmospheric pressure drops as altitude increases. The atmospheric pressure on Denali, Alaska, is about half that of Honolulu, Hawai'i. Honolulu is a city at sea level. Denali, also known as Mount McKinley, is the highest peak in North America.
As the pressure decreases, the amount of oxygen available to breathe also decreases. At very high altitudes, atmospheric pressure and available oxygen get so low that people can become sick and even die.
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Air temperature is a measure of how hot or cold the air is. It is the most commonly measured weather parameter. More specifically, temperature describes the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, of the gases that make up air. As gas molecules move more quickly, air temperature increases.
Air temperature affects the growth and reproduction of plants and animals, with warmer temperatures promoting biological growth. Air temperature also affects nearly all other weather parameters. For instance, air temperature affects:
Atmospheric humidity is the amount of water vapor carried in the air. It can be measured as vapor pressure, mixing ratio or specific humidity. Specific humidity is the ratio of vapor mass to total air mass, whereas mixing ratio is the ratio of the mass of vapor to the mass of dry air. The atmosphere must carry away the water evaporated from the surface and supply water to areas of rainfall. Water that flows from the land to the oceans in rivers was brought to the land areas by transport in the atmosphere as vapor. Atmospheric water vapor is also the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Water vapor condenses to form clouds, which can release rainfall and are also extremely important in both reflecting solar radiation and reducing the infrared radiation emitted by Earth.
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In meteorology, wind speed, or wind flow speed, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in temperature. Wind speed is now commonly measured with an anemometer.
Wind speed affects weather forecasting, aviation and maritime operations, construction projects, growth and metabolism rate of many plant species, and has countless other implications.[2] Note that wind direction is usually almost parallel to isobars (and not perpendicular, as one might expect), due to Earth's rotation.
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Wind direction is generally reported by the direction from which it originates. For example, a north or northerly wind blows from the north to the south.[1] The exceptions are onshore winds (blowing onto the shore from the water) and offshore winds (blowing off the shore to the water). Wind direction is usually reported in cardinal (or compass) direction, or in degrees. Consequently, a wind blowing from the north has a wind direction referred to as 0° (360°); a wind blowing from the east has a wind direction referred to as 90°, etc.
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Rainfall is a measurement of how much water falls as rain in a certain period of time, for example, a week or a month. Rainfall is measured by collecting rain water across different areas and times, as the amounts may differ between locations and times.
Total Rain is calculated by summing the daily precipitation for each month
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Rainfall is a measurement of how much water falls as rain in a certain period of time, for example, a week or a month. Rainfall is measured by collecting rain water across different areas and times, as the amounts may differ between locations and times.
Current Rain is the overall rainfall for the day.
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